All successful people are good at this.
所有成功人士都擅长这一点。
标签： Principles
中译 Successful people are those who can go above themselves to see things objectively and manage those things to shape change.
They can take in the perspectives of others instead of being trapped in their own heads with their own biases. They are able to look objectively at what they are like–their strengths and weaknesses–and what others are like to put the right people in the right roles to achieve their goals. Once you understand how to do this you’ll see that there’s virtually nothing you can’t accomplish. You will just have to learn how to face your realities and use the full range of resources at your disposal. For example, if you as the designer/manager discover that you as the worker can’t do something well, you need to fire yourself as the worker and get a good replacement, while staying in the role of designer/ manager of your own life. You shouldn’t be upset if you find out that you’re bad at something–you should be happy that you found out, because knowing that and dealing with it will improve your chances of getting what you want.
他们可以吸收他人的观点，而不是因自己的偏见而陷入自己的头脑中。他们能够客观地看待自己的优点和缺点，以及其他人的优点和缺点，从而将合适的人放在合适的角色上以实现他们的目标。一旦你了解了如何做到这一点，你就会发现几乎没有什么是你无法完成的。你只需要学习如何面对现实并使用你可以使用的各种资源即可。例如，如果你作为设计师/经理发现你作为工人不能做好某件事，你需要解雇作为工人的自己并找到一个好的替代者，同时继续担任自己生活的设计师/经理的角色。如果你发现自己不擅长某件事，你不应该感到沮丧——你应该为你发现这一点而感到高兴，因为了解这一点并处理它会增加你获得你想要的东西的机会。
中译 Recognize when to ride the wave.
There will be times when you’re headed in one direction but feeling like there might be other goals, dreams, etc.worth exploring instead. The best advice I can give in such a situation is that things in life happen in waves, and when you’re on a good wave, you’ve got to ride it until it becomes less good. You need to constantly evaluate the value of the path you’re on versus the potential that could come out of exploring—and ride the biggest wave you can find.
有时，你正朝着一个方向前进，但感觉可能还有其他目标、梦想等值得探索。在这种情况下，我能给出的最好建议是，生活中的事情都是波浪式发生的，当你处于良好的波浪中时，你必须驾驭它，直到它变得不那么好为止。你需要不断评估你所走的道路的价值与探索中可能产生的潜力，并驾驭你能找到的最大的浪潮。
中译 The biggest mistake most people make is to not see themselves and others objectively, which leads them to bump into their own and others’ weaknesses again and again.
People who do this fail because they are stubbornly stuck in their own heads. If they could just get around this, they could live up to their potential.
这样做的人会失败，因为他们固执地坚持自己的想法。如果他们能够解决这个问题，他们就能发挥自己的潜力。
中译 Distinguish between you as the designer of your machine and you as a worker with your machine.
One of the hardest things for people to do is to objectively look down on themselves within their circumstances (i.e., their machine) so that they can act as the machine’s designer and manager. Most people remain stuck in the perspective of being a worker within the machine. If you can recognize the differences between those roles and that it is much more important that you are a good designer/manager of your life than a good worker in it, you will be on the right path. To be successful, the “designer/manager you” has to be objective about what the “worker you” is really like, not believing in him more than he deserves, or putting him in jobs he shouldn’t be in. Instead of having this strategic perspective, most people operate emotionally and in the moment; their lives are a series of undirected emotional experiences, going from one thing to the next. If you want to look back on your life and feel you’ve achieved what you wanted to, you can’t operate that way.
人们最难做的事情之一就是客观地俯视自己所处的环境（即他们的机器），以便他们能够充当机器的设计者和管理者。大多数人仍然停留在作为机器工人的观点上。如果你能够认识到这些角色之间的差异，并且认识到成为生活的优秀设计师/管理者比成为生活中的优秀工人更重要，那么你将走在正确的道路上。为了取得成功，“设计师/经理的你”必须客观地了解“你的工人”的真实情况，不要过度相信他，或者让他从事不应该从事的工作。从这个战略角度来看，大多数人都是情绪化的、活在当下的；他们的生活是一系列无方向的情感体验，从一件事到另一件事。如果你想回顾自己的一生并感觉自己已经实现了自己想要的目标，那么你就不能那样做。
中译 By comparing your outcomes with your goals, you can determine how to modify your machine.
This evaluation and improvement process exactly mirrors the evolutionary process I described earlier. It means looking at how to improve or change the design or people to achieve your goals. Schematically, the process is a feedback loop, as shown in the diagram here.
这个评估和改进过程准确地反映了我之前描述的进化过程。这意味着研究如何改进或改变设计或人员以实现你的目标。从原理上讲，该过程是一个反馈循环，如下图所示。
中译 Think of yourself as a machine operating within a machine and know that you have the ability to alter your machines to produce better outcomes.
You have your goals. I call the way you will operate to achieve your goals your machine. It consists of a design (the things that have to get done) and the people (who will do the things that need getting done). Those people include you and those who help you. For example, imagine that your goal is a military one: to take a hill from an enemy. Your design for your “machine” might include two scouts, two snipers, four infantrymen, and so on. While the right design is essential, it is only half the battle. It is equally important to put the right people in each of those positions. They need different qualities to do their jobs well–the scouts must be fast runners, the snipers must be good marksmen–so that the machine will produce the outcomes you seek.
你有你的目标。我将你实现目标的方式称为你的机器。它由设计（必须完成的事情）和人员（将完成需要完成的事情的人）组成。这些人包括你和那些帮助你的人。例如，假设你的目标是军事目标：从敌人手中夺取一座山头。你的“机器”设计可能包括两名侦察兵、两名狙击手、四名步兵等。虽然正确的设计至关重要，但这只是成功的一半。将合适的人放在每个职位上也同样重要。他们需要不同的素质来做好自己的工作——侦察员必须是跑得快的人，狙击手必须是优秀的射手——这样机器才会产生你想要的结果
中译 Look at the machine from the higher level.
Our uniquely human ability to look down from a higher level doesn’t apply just to understanding reality and the cause-effect relationships underlying it; it also applies to looking down on yourself and those around you. I call this ability to rise above your own and others’ circumstances and objectively look down on them “higher-level thinking.” Higher-level thinking gives you the ability to study and influence the cause-effect relationships at play in your life and use them to get the outcomes you want.
我们人类独特的从更高层次往下看的能力不仅适用于理解现实及其背后的因果关系；也适用于俯瞰自己和周围的人。我把这种超越自己和他人的处境并客观地看待他们的能力称为“更高层次的思维”。更高层次的思维使你能够研究和影响生活中的因果关系，并利用它们来获得您想要的结果。
中译 Own your outcomes.
For the most part, life gives you so many decisions to make and so many opportunities to recover from your mistakes that, if you handle them well, you can have a terrific life. Of course, sometimes there are major influences on the quality of our lives that come from things beyond our control—the circumstances we are born into, accidents and illnesses, and so forth—but for the most part even the worst circumstances can be made better with the right approach. For example, a friend of mine dove into a swimming pool, hit his head, and became a quadriplegic. But he approached his situation well and became as happy as anybody else, because there are many paths to happiness.
在大多数情况下，生活给了你很多决定要做，也给了你很多从错误中恢复的机会，如果你处理得好，你就能过上美好的生活。当然，有时我们的生活质量会受到一些我们无法控制的因素的影响——我们出生的环境、事故和疾病等等——但在大多数情况下，即使是最糟糕的情况也可以变得更好用正确的方法。例如，我的一个朋友跳进游泳池，撞到了头，四肢瘫痪。但他很好地处理了自己的处境，并变得和其他人一样快乐，因为通往幸福的道路有很多。
中译 Weigh second- and third-order consequences.
By recognizing the higher-level consequences nature optimizes for, I’ve come to see that people who overweigh the first-order consequences of their decisions and ignore the effects of second- and subsequent-order consequences rarely reach their goals. This is because first-order consequences often have opposite desirabilities from second-order consequences, resulting in big mistakes in decision making. For example, the first-order consequences of exercise (pain and time spent) are commonly considered undesirable, while the second-order consequences (better health and more attractive appearance) are desirable. Similarly, food that tastes good is often bad for you and vice versa.
通过认识到自然优化的更高层次的后果，我发现那些过度重视决策的一阶后果而忽视二阶和后续后果影响的人很少能达到他们的目标。这是因为一阶后果往往与二阶后果具有相反的期望，从而导致决策中出现重大错误。例如，锻炼的第一级后果（疼痛和花费的时间）通常被认为是不受欢迎的，而第二级后果（更好的健康和更有吸引力的外表）是可取的。同样，味道好的食物往往对你有害，反之亦然。
Yuxiao 